In partnership with USAID/Colombia, INRM’s Mining Horizon activity developed a cross-cutting research and learning agenda for artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Colombia. The agenda identifies five key learning questions and 23 subquestions, spanning strategic points of intervention for legalization and formalization, integration of ASGM in environmental and development goals, leveraging points in supply chains, government, and institutional capacity to implement ASGM policies, and lessons learned from past ASGM interventions and policies. The agenda is also designed to generate and share evidence to contribute to enhanced learning for artisanal and small-scale mining-related strategies, projects, and activities across USAID’s portfolio, including regional strategies implemented by the Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean. USAID/Colombia and collaborators can use the agenda to foster collective learning, guide inclusive decision-making and program implementation, reduce duplication of efforts, and maximize the impact of research and programmatic investments.